Contents: Engine oil ↡ Engine cooler ↡ Brake fluid ↡ Checking the oil level in the power…↡ Windshield washer fluid ↡
Note. The procedures for checking the liquid level are described below, which are performed every 400 km or monthly. Other fluid level checks can be described later in the Sections on specific maintenance procedures. Regardless of the scheduled check intervals, do not allow fluid to leak under the vehicle, as such leaks indicate a malfunction that should be corrected immediately.
Fluids are an integral part of the lubrication, cooling, braking and windshield washer systems. Due to the gradual consumption and/or contamination of fluids during normal vehicle operation, they should be replaced periodically. See the "Types and Volumes of Lubricants and Fluids Used" section in Specifications, before adding liquid to any of the listed components.
Note: Whenever checking the fluid level, the vehicle must be on a level surface.
Engine oil
Visual inspection of leaks
1. If the engine is oily and there is a high oil consumption, check for leaks. To do this, check the following places:
- Open the filler cap and check the seal for cracks or damage.
- Crankcase ventilation: For example, the ventilation hose from the cylinder head cover to the air intake hose.
- Cylinder head cover gasket.
- Cylinder head gasket.
- Oil drain plug (round ring).
- Oil filter gasket: filter fits to flange.
- Oil pan gasket.
- Front and rear crankshaft oil seals.
2. Since the oil spreads over a large surface area of the engine when there is a leak, it is difficult to immediately identify the leak location. To detect leaks, proceed as follows: flush the engine as follows: cover the generator with a plastic bag. Spray the engine with a regular cold cleaner and after a short time, rinse with water at a car wash.
3. Sprinkle the outside of the connecting surfaces and seals on the engine with lime or talc.
4. Check the oil level and top up if necessary.
5. Take a test drive. Since oil in a hot engine reduces its viscosity and appears faster in leak areas, it is necessary to take a test drive of about 30 km on a high-speed highway.
6. Finally, examine the engine with a lamp and locate the leaks, eliminating the faults.
Checking the level
1. When checking the oil level, the car must be in a horizontal position.
Check the oil level approximately 5 minutes after stopping the warm engine.
Wipe the dipstick clean before each check.
The oil level should be between the lower mark (min) and the upper mark (max) on the oil dipstick.
2. If you need to add oil, unscrew the oil filler cap and carefully add oil. Excess oil must be drained or pumped out. Then screw the oil filler cap back on.
If the oil level is above the "max" mark, there is a risk of damage to the engine or catalytic converter.
If the engine oil level indicator appears on the multifunction display while the engine is running, refer to Section Warning and indicator lamps, as well as multi-information display messages about registered faults previous Chapter.
Note: Engine oil level warning indicator - refer to Section Multifunctional steering wheel, multi-information display.
Engine oil consumption
Max. 1l/1000km, depending on driving style.
The engine oil consumption can only be determined after driving a longer distance. Initially, it may exceed the value given. Frequent driving with high engine speeds leads to increased oil consumption.
Recommendations:
If you start measuring the engine oil level immediately after turning off the engine, some oil will remain in the upper part of the engine, which will significantly affect the accuracy of the dipstick readings.
1. Remove the dipstick and wipe its blade dry with a clean rag or paper towel. Insert the dipstick all the way back and remove it again. The height of the oil-soaked section of the blade will correspond to the oil level in the engine. This level should be between the marks on the dipstick.
2. The amount of oil specified in the Specifications is required to raise the oil level from the minimum mark on the dipstick to the maximum. Do not allow the level to fall below the minimum mark, as oil starvation can cause engine damage. On the other hand, overfilling the engine with oil (topping up above the maximum mark) may cause spark plugs to become oily, oil leaks or seals to fail.
4. Checking the oil level is an important preventive procedure. A constant drop in the oil level indicates either leaks through damaged seals or loose connections, or oil is burning out (internal leaks through worn piston rings or through valve guides). In addition, you should pay attention to the condition of the oil itself. If the oil is milky in color or drops of water can be seen in its composition, this indicates a possible leak in the cylinder head gasket or a crack in the head or cylinder block. In this case, the engine should be repaired immediately. Each time you measure the oil level, before wiping the dipstick blade, run your thumb and forefinger over it. If you find dirt or metal particles stuck to the dipstick, the oil should be replaced (refer to Section Changing engine oil and oil filter).
Engine cooler
Warning! Do not allow antifreeze to come into contact with your skin or the painted surfaces of your vehicle. If this does happen, wash off the antifreeze immediately with plenty of water. Antifreeze is extremely toxic if ingested. Never leave it unattended in an open container or spilled on the floor; children or animals may be attracted to its sweet smell and may drink it. Arrange with local authorities for disposal of used antifreeze.
1. All vehicles covered by this Manual are equipped with a compensating positive pressure cooling system. The white plastic expansion tank is located in the engine compartment and is connected to the radiator by a hose. As the engine warms up during operation, the expanding coolant fills the tank. As the engine cools, the coolant automatically flows back into the cooling system, which ensures that its level is maintained at a constant level.
2. The coolant level in the tank must be checked regularly, with the vehicle in a strictly horizontal position and the engine turned off.
When the coolant is cold, its level should reach the "1" mark in the expansion tank.
When the coolant is hot, the level should be approximately 1 cm higher.
Add 40%/60% ethylene glycol antifreeze mixed with water. The composition specified in the Specifications should be used.
Caution! Do not remove the expansion tank filler cap or the radiator cap to check the coolant level until the engine has cooled down completely! The level in the reservoir fluctuates depending on the engine temperature. When the engine is cold, the coolant level should be above the "MIN" mark on the reservoir. As the engine warms up, the level should approach the "MAX" mark. If this is not the case, allow the engine to cool down and then remove the cap from the reservoir.
3. Run the vehicle and measure the coolant level again. If only a small amount of coolant needs to be added to the required level, you can use clean water to do this. However, frequent additions of water will dilute the antifreeze. To ensure the correct ratio of antifreeze to water, always add the required mixture to the required level.
4. If the coolant level drops regularly, there may be a leak in the system. Inspect the radiator, hoses, filler cap, drain plugs and water pump (refer to Section Checking the functioning of the cooling system and frost resistance of the coolant. Liquid replacement). If no leaks are found, perform a tightness check.
5. If you need to remove the cover, wait until the engine has cooled down completely, then wrap a thick rag around the cover and unscrew it to the first stop. If steam or coolant starts escaping from under the cover, allow the engine to cool down a little more before removing the cover.
6. It is also necessary to check the condition of the cooler. It should be relatively clean. If the liquid is brown or rusty, it must be drained, the system flushed and filled with a new mixture. Even if the cooler looks normal, the corrosion inhibitors included in it lose their effectiveness over time, so it should be replaced at certain intervals
7. To check the frost resistance of the coolant, it is necessary to use a hydrometer.
Brake fluid
Warning! Brake fluid can cause eye damage and damage painted surfaces, so be extremely careful when handling it. Do not use brake fluid that has been open for a long time or that is more than one year old. Brake fluid tends to absorb moisture from the air, which can lead to a dangerous loss of braking efficiency. Use only the recommended type of brake fluid. Mixing different types of fluid can cause brake failure.
1. The brake master cylinder is located in the rear left corner of the engine compartment.
2. The brake fluid level is checked visually, using the marks on the plastic reservoir mounted on the master cylinder. The fluid level should be between the "MAX" and "MIN" marks. If the level is below the acceptable level, first wipe the top of the reservoir and the cap with a clean rag to prevent dirt from getting into the system after removing the cap. Top up to the required level with the recommended fluid, but do not overfill.
3. While the reservoir cap is removed, check the fluid and master cylinder reservoir for contamination. If there are rust particles, dirt or water droplets, the fluid in the system should be drained and replaced with new fluid.
4. After filling the reservoir to the required level, make sure the lid is installed level to avoid liquid leakage and/or dirt ingress.
5. The fluid level in the master cylinder will drop slightly as the brake pads wear. There is no need to add more fluid as long as the level remains near the "MIN" mark; it will rise after replacing the linings. A very low level may indicate worn brake pads. Check them for wear (refer to Section Checking the brake system).
6. If the brake fluid level drops continuously, immediately check the entire system for leaks. Inspect the brake lines, hoses and fittings, together with the calipers, wheel cylinders and master cylinder (refer to Sections Checking the brake system, Checking the condition and replacing engine compartment hoses, localizing leaks).
7. If the reservoir is empty or nearly empty when checking the fluid level, the brake system should be checked for leaks and bled (refer to Chapter Brake system).
Checking the oil level in the power steering hydraulic system reservoir
The power steering hydraulic reservoir is located at the rear of the engine compartment. Refer to Section Checking the power steering fluid level.
Windshield washer fluid
Windscreen washer concentrate is highly flammable.
When handling glass cleaner concentrate, the use of fire, open flame and smoking are prohibited.
1. The windshield washer fluid is in a plastic tank on the right side of the engine compartment, refer to the illustration. The capacity of the tank is listed in the Specifications.
2. In temperate climates, the system can be filled with regular water, but it is recommended to add glass cleaner to the water. The reservoir should be no more than two-thirds full to allow for expansion of the water when it freezes. In cold climates, a special windshield washer antifreeze should be used to lower the freezing point of the liquid, which can be purchased at any car accessory store. It is usually sold in concentrated or ready-made form. If you purchased concentrated antifreeze, mix it with water according to the manufacturer's instructions on the package.
Warning! Do not use antifreeze in the cooling system - it will damage the painted surfaces of the car.