collapse is the inclination of the wheel in a vertical plane relative to the centerline of the vehicle. It can be positive if the wheels are tilted outward and negative if the wheels are tilted inward. The camber angle mainly affects the uniformity of front tire wear. If the camber of one wheel is positive and the other is negative, then the car will pull to the side when driving in a straight line.
The camber angle of the front wheels is adjusted after loosening the front hinge bolt of the lower front suspension arm by changing the position of the eccentric washers. Rear wheel camber is not adjustable.
Convergence is the lateral distance between the wheels. Positive toe means the wheels are closer together at the front than at the rear when measured at wheel midpoint height. Negative toe means that the wheels are further apart at the front than at the rear.
The toe-in of the front wheels is adjusted by screwing or unscrewing the tie rod into the ball joints, which changes the length of the tie rod.
The rear wheel alignment is also adjustable. Adjustment can be made by loosening and turning the rear suspension control arm inner pivot bolt.
Wheel alignment must be checked and adjusted at a service station due to the complexity of the equipment used.
The lateral inclination of the axis of rotation of the wheel is the angle between the axis of inclination of the steering knuckle and the vertical, drawn through the wheel attachment point, looking in the longitudinal direction of the car.
Due to the camber angles and the transverse inclination of the axis of rotation, the points of contact of the wheels with the road are located closer to the axis of the steering knuckle. This supports the so-called running-in shoulder. The smaller the break-in shoulder, the easier it is to drive the car. Also, bumps from uneven surfaces are less transmitted to the steering.
Angle of longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation. The axis about which the wheel turns is placed in space so that its lower part is tilted forward. Such an angle of longitudinal inclination is called positive. With a positive value of the angle, the self-return of the wheels to the middle position after the turn is improved.
The caster angle of the front wheel is adjusted by loosening and turning the rear pivot bolt of the lower front suspension arm. The longitudinal angle of inclination of the rear wheel is not adjustable.