Collapse - is the tilt of the wheel in the vertical plane relative to the center line of the car. It can be positive if the wheels are tilted outward and negative if the wheels are tilted inward. The camber angle mainly affects the uniformity of wear of the front tires. If the camber of one wheel is positive and the other is negative, the car will pull to the side when driving straight.
The front wheel camber angle is adjusted by loosening the front pivot bolt of the lower arm of the front suspension by changing the position of the eccentric washers. The rear wheel camber is not adjusted.
Convergence - is the lateral distance between the wheels. Positive toe-in means the wheels are closer together at the front than at the rear when measured at the height of the midpoint of the wheel. Negative toe-in means the wheels are further apart at the front than at the rear.
The front wheel alignment is adjusted by screwing or unscrewing the tie rod into the ball joints, which changes the length of the tie rod.
The rear wheel toe is also adjustable. This can be done by loosening and turning the rear suspension guide arm inner pivot bolt.
Checking and adjusting wheel alignment angles must be done at a service station due to the complexity of the equipment used.
The transverse caster angle is the angle between the steering knuckle caster axis and the vertical drawn through the wheel mounting point, looking in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
Due to the camber angles and the transverse tilt of the steering axis, the points of contact of the wheels with the road are located closer to the axis of the steering knuckle. This maintains the so-called rolling shoulder. The smaller the rolling shoulder, the easier it is to control the car. Also, impacts from uneven surfaces are less transmitted to the steering.
Angle of longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation. The axis around which the wheel turns is placed in space so that its lower part is tilted forward. Such an angle of longitudinal tilt is called positive. With a positive angle, the self-return of the wheels to the middle position after turning is improved.
The front wheel caster angle is adjusted by loosening and turning the pivot bolt of the rear lower arm of the front suspension. The rear wheel caster angle is not adjustable.