Sometimes the insulation can be restored by keeping the anchor in a can of engine oil. A slightly warmed drying oil gives a much greater effect if the anchor is kept in it in several stages, taking daily breaks to dry.
The same trouble - a breakdown of the winding - overtakes the electric motor of the windshield washer. This often happens from the carelessness of the car owner, when either the water tank is empty, or the liquid is frozen, or "tightly" the spray nozzles or the pump filter are clogged, and in the fuse box in the electric motor circuit is "bug".
In general, it is better not to joke with fuses. This will avoid not only a short circuit, sometimes ending in a fire, but it will also be easier to detect malfunctions.
For a novice motorist, there should be a golden rule: you need to start looking for the causes of electrical equipment malfunctions from the fuse box.
I remember when I bought my first car in my life, I noticed in the store that the battery charge control lamp was on. Then the assumption was born that, it must be, either the generator brushes had not yet got used, or "fooling around" voltage regulator (at that time, cars were equipped with Bulgarian-made mechanical relay-regulators. Sometimes they worked "overcharge", and the light bulb was on). Replacing the relay-regulator did not give results: the generator simply did not produce energy. Replacing the brush assembly also proved to be useless.
I had to remove the generator, after draining the coolant from the system and dismantling the thermostat. Checking the generator windings and "bridge" diodes showed that everything is in order. Only later, after doing all this unnecessary work on a brand new car, did I think to look into the fuse box. Of course. there was simply no corresponding fuse in the excitation circuit of the generator winding.
So if your generator has failed, start checking from the fuse. Even if he is intact, do not be too lazy to clean up his contact zones. Only after that take directly to the generator.
However, do not rush with its disassembly and dismantling. Check the brush assembly first. The presence of large chips on the brushes, their significant wear or oiling can already cause the generator to fail.
Pay attention to the condition of the slip rings of the armature, which are visible in the window into which the brush assembly is inserted. Scratches and grooves are removed with sandpaper, then polished. If these operations do not work, you will need to take on the rectifier unit, after disconnecting the wires from the battery and the generator. The block is checked using a test lamp. The negative pole of the battery is displayed on the generator case, the positive - through the light bulb - to the output "30".
If the light comes on, then the rectifier unit is broken and needs to be replaced. It happens, however, that it breaks either the positive or negative valves of the block. But it is probably better not to go into these subtleties, especially since a separate replacement of valves is not practiced.
Finally, about the starter. This is perhaps one of the most durable components of the car, although "works" he is in the most difficult conditions. Even when the engine is overhauled, in the starter, it happens that only the brushes are changed and the slip rings are cleaned.
The weakest point of the starter is the overrunning clutch, or "bendix": it happens that persistent rollers scatter or lie in it. And then, when starting the engine, only a buzz is heard: the starter rotates, but does not turn the engine flywheel. Sometimes flushing helps "bendix" in kerosene or acetone. But craftsmen, as a rule, flare the clip with rollers and either change all the parts of the clip, or wash them thoroughly.
Another common malfunction is no longer related to the starter itself, but to the oxidation or breakage of the tips of a special braided tire that connects the engine to the body, that is "weight" (the tire is located under the engine). In this case, the starter makes characteristic clicks or even "is silent", if, of course, "silence" not caused by another cause - disconnection of the positive wiring of the starter relay. One way or another, you need to check. If the relay wiring is in place, grab the bus. But if the wiring nevertheless popped out, do not try to insert it without removing the starter - you will waste your time. The starter will have to be removed.