Single tube damper
1. Atmospheric pressure.
2. Valve that regulates compression resistance.
3. Tensile strength control valve.
4. Bypass valves.
Double tube shock absorber
1. Atmospheric pressure.
2. Backup camera.
3. Basic one-pipe system.
A damper is an additional mass that provides springiness and dampens the vibrations of the vehicle. The damper assimilates the oscillations of the main system, that is, the main system stops vibrating - the movement is limited by the vibration damper. Dampers minimize body movements. Can be used as a damper element; like a liquid (oil shock absorbers), and gas (gas shock absorbers).
A single-tube shock absorber is characterized by a high degree of reliability, low sensitivity to overloads, non-criticality to the installation position. The disadvantages include the dependence of the degree of quenching on the compression parameters (which in recent developments is compensated by installing additional bypass valves in the piston) and that the monotube damper is a long type damper.
The twin tube shock absorber is technologically known as the atmospheric, low pressure double tube type.
Advantages: insensitive to external damage. Here, in contrast to a single-tube shock absorber, mechanical influences can also be received by the outer tube, the adjusted position of the machine is limited by the area of the body structure. This is a short type of shock absorber because the balance chamber is located behind the working cylinder.
Disadvantages: the shock absorber is sensitive to overload (damping stops). Only certain installation positions are possible, precision matching of pipe diameters.
The damping characteristics are the result of the sum function of the orifice damping and the spring-loaded valve that closes the passage; the spring responds to pressure by increasing the free aperture of the exit port. The piston bore and spring can be specially adapted to ensure the damping function is linear and soft. An internal adjustment mechanism is used to obtain several performance characteristics for an individual damper. Compression ratio values are often only 30...50% of the recoil capacity.
Shock absorbers with electronically adjustable characteristic (active refinement) are used to extend the range of driving comfort and increase safety. Controlling the damping parameters, on the other hand, results in a link between comfort and safety.