Monotube shock absorber
1. Atmospheric pressure.
2. Valve regulating compression resistance.
3. Valve regulating tensile strength.
4. Bypass valves.
Twin-tube shock absorber
1. Atmospheric pressure.
2. Backup camera.
3. Basic one-pipe system.
A damper is an additional mass that provides springiness and dampens vehicle vibrations. The damper assimilates vibrations of the main system, that is, the main system stops vibrating - the movement is limited by the vibration absorber. Dampers minimize body movements. A damper element can be; like a liquid - (oil shock absorbers), and gas (gas shock absorbers).
(Information copied from the website: «mercedesman.ru»)
The single-tube shock absorber is characterized by a high degree of reliability, low sensitivity to overloads, and non-criticality to the installation position. The disadvantages include the dependence of the damping degree on the compression parameters (which in the latest developments is compensated by installing additional bypass valves in the piston) and the fact that the monotube shock absorber is a long type shock absorber.
Twin tube shock absorber is technologically known as atmospheric, low pressure operating twin tube type.
Advantages: low sensitivity to external damage. Here, unlike a single-tube shock absorber, mechanical impacts can be received by the outer tube, the verified position of the machine is limited to the area of the body structure. This is a short type of shock absorber, since the balance chamber is located behind the working cylinder.
Disadvantages: the shock absorber is sensitive to overload (damping stops). Only certain installation positions are possible, precision matching of pipe diameters.
The damping characteristics are the result of the combined damping function of the orifice and the spring loaded valve that closes the orifice; the spring responds to pressure by increasing the free aperture of the outlet hole. The piston hole and spring can be specially adapted to ensure the linearity and softness of the damping function. An internal adjustment mechanism is used to obtain several operating characteristics for an individual shock absorber. Compression ratio values are often only 30...50% of the rebound capacity.
Shock absorbers with electronically adjustable characteristics (active development) are used to extend the range of ride comfort and increase safety. Controlling damping parameters, on the other hand, results in establishing a link between comfort and safety.