1. Connect a vacuum gauge to the intake manifold. Start and warm up the engine to normal operating temperature.
2. Read the vacuum gauge. If the engine is in normal condition, the vacuum gauge reading should be 430-560 mm Hg, and the vacuum gauge needle should be in place.
Low constant readings of the vacuum meter indicate that the gasket between the intake pipe and the throttle body is damaged, the vacuum hose is damaged, the ignition timing is incorrectly set, or the valve timing is incorrectly set.
If the vacuum gauge readings are 80–200 mm Hg below normal and fluctuate, the intake manifold gasket near the inlet may be damaged or the injector may be faulty.
If the readings constantly drop by 50-100 mm Hg relative to the stable value, the valves may be damaged. In this case, it is necessary to measure the compression in the engine cylinders.
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If the readings drop, but not regularly, then the valve may be stuck or there is an ignition failure.
If the reading fluctuates rapidly with an amplitude of about 100 mm Hg, at a constant idle speed, and smoke comes out of the exhaust pipe, the valve guides may be damaged. If the reading fluctuates rapidly with increasing idle speed, the intake manifold gasket or cylinder head gasket may be damaged, the valve springs may be weak, the valves may be burnt, or there is an ignition failure.
Small fluctuations of about 25 mm Hg are usually associated with problems in the ignition system.
If the readings fluctuate greatly, the head gasket or cylinder may be damaged.
If the needle moves slowly over a wide range of values, the crankcase ventilation system may be clogged, the intake manifold gasket or the gasket between the throttle body and the manifold may be damaged.
3. Check how quickly the vacuum gauge readings are restored after the throttle valve is opened sharply and fully and returned to its original position. If the engine is in normal condition, the readings will drop to almost zero, then increase by about 130 mm Hg above normal and again decrease to the previous values at constant idle speed. If the readings are restored slowly and pass through the maximum after closing the throttle valve, then the piston rings may be damaged. If there is a long delay, then the exhaust system may be clogged.