Models with EZL ignition system
The main elements of the ignition system type EZL are spark plugs (one for each cylinder), high voltage wires, distributor, electronic ignition coil and electronic control unit (ECU) together with the corresponding sensors, actuators and wires. Depending on the model, the arrangement of elements may vary, but their main functions are the same.
The main function of the ignition system is as follows. The control unit supplies voltage to the primary winding of the ignition coil. The supply voltage is periodically interrupted by the ECU and this is manifested in the disappearance of the magnetic field, which then induces an even greater voltage, called high voltage, in the secondary winding of the coil. This high voltage is supplied by the distributor via high-voltage wires to the spark plugs in the cylinders directly at the required moment. The spark plug electrodes have a gap small enough for a spark to occur between them and the spark that jumps ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder. The ignition timing is critical and is therefore regulated exclusively by the ECU.
The ECU determines and controls the moment of ignition and, first of all, the angle of the closed state of the contacts, in accordance with information about the engine speed, the position of the crankshaft and the degree of vacuum in the intake manifold, received from sensors mounted on the engine, and other parameters that determine the moment of ignition, are the throttle position (speed positions xx. and full throttle opening are determined by the shift lever), intake air temperature and coolant temperature. These parameters are also monitored by sensors located on the engine.
The ignition timing can be changed to fixed positions to suit the type of fuel being used. This is achieved with a compensator socket located in the engine compartment next to the ignition ECU - refer to paragraph 6 for more information.
Models with TSZ ignition system
The overall operation of the system is similar to that described for the EZL system with the following differences.
Instead of determining the ignition timing by the position of the crankshaft sensor, the TSZ system is switched by a sensor located on the inside of the distributor housing. This arrangement allows you to change the main position of the ignition moment by turning the distributor housing in relation to the distributor shaft.
Ignition advance is controlled electronically and. partially, with the help of a vacuum unit fixed on the distributor housing. The electronic control unit provides advance as the engine speed increases, and the vacuum unit corrects the torque depending on the engine load from the vacuum diaphragm on the carburetor / throttle body.
On carburetor models, a thermal valve and shutoff valve provide additional advance via the vacuum assembly when the engine warms up.