General information
The sole purpose of the engine starting system is to ensure that the engine rotates at a speed sufficient to start.
The starting system consists of a starter, battery, ignition switch, relay and wiring. The solenoid relay is located on the starter housing.
The starter is a mixed-excitation DC motor with an electromagnetic traction relay. The starter consists of a housing or stator with excitation windings, an armature with an overrunning clutch, a cover with brush holders and a traction relay.
When the starter is turned on, current from the battery begins to flow through the winding of the starter traction relay. The relay armature pulls in and the relay contacts close. At the same time, the relay armature moves the overrunning clutch with the gear through the lever. The overrunning clutch hub rotates on the screw splines of the starter armature shaft and also rotates the pinion, which facilitates its engagement with the flywheel ring gear. Through the closed contacts of the traction relay, a current flows, feeding the stator and armature windings, and the starter armature begins to rotate together with the hub and freewheel.
After starting the engine, the speed of the gear exceeds the speed of the starter armature. In this case, the freewheel rotates freely, and torque is not transmitted from the engine flywheel to the starter armature shaft. After releasing the ignition key, the power circuit of the windings of the traction relay opens through the ignition switch, the armature of the traction relay is pressed back to its original position by a spring, the relay contacts open and the drive gear disengages from the flywheel ring gear.
The starter with a retractor relay is located parallel to the engine crankshaft and is fixed to the gearbox.
The starter turns on only if the AT selector is in position P or N.
If the car is armed, the starter will not turn over.
Precautionary measures
When carrying out any work on the engine starting system, observe the following requirements.
- a) Do not keep the starter turned on for a long time. It can overheat and fail. Do not operate the starter for more than 15 seconds, and wait about two minutes before restarting. If you crank the start for a long time and the engine does not start, unburned fuel collects inside the converter. This can lead to overheating of the working surface of the converter after the motor is started.
- b) The starter is connected directly to the battery and, if handled carelessly, may catch fire or cause a short circuit.
- c) Before starting work, always disconnect the ground cable from the battery.