Steering
1 - Steering column; 2 - Cardan joint; 3 - Rack and pinion transmission of the steering mechanism; 4 - Swivel fist right; 5 - Tie rod right; 6 - Protective cover right; 7 - Protective cover left; 8 - Tie rod left
Rack and pinion steering
1a - Carter of the steering mechanism; 1b - Rubber pads of supports; 1e - Oil lines; 1g - Protective covers with fastening collars; 2 - Tie rods; 3 - Cover with marking of the central position of the rack and pinion mechanism (arrow); 4 - The body of the bladed gate and the control sleeve; 5b - Connector of the right pressure chamber; 5c - Connector for the left pressure chamber; 6 - Steering rack backlash compensator
Elements of the rack and pinion steering mechanism
1 - Rack and pinion steering gear; 2 - Protective cover right; 3 - Lower support; 4 - Locking bar, for steering at the cross member; 5 - Bolt M12; 6 - O-ring*; 7 - Large collar*; 8 - Protective cover left *; 9 - Small collar*; 10 - Tie rod end; 11 - Nut, 55Nm, self-locking, be sure to replace with a new one; 12 - Nut M14; 13 - Tie rod; 14 - Bolt M8; 15 - Steering column; 16 - Nut M8
*) Protective cover repair kit
Steering rack play compensator
1 - Steering rack backlash compensator
2 — Carter of the steering mechanism
Hydraulic circuit and vehicle speed sensitive steering components
4a - Torsion bar; 4b - Drive gear; 4i - Control sleeve; 4j - Transfer rack; 4k - Vane gate; A - Under pressure; B - Without pressure; I - Right slave cylinder (left turn); II - Left slave cylinder (right turn); Y10 - Solenoid valve SPS; N47 - Control unit for anti-slip and stabilizing systems
Power steering pump location (30)
The steering consists of a steering wheel, a steering column, a steering gear in the form of a rack and pinion gear and steering gear rods. The steering column transmits the movements of the steering wheel to the steering mechanism. The gear rack of the steering mechanism moves to the right or left in accordance with the turn of the steering wheel. Tie rods through the hinges and the steering knuckle transmit steering forces to the front wheels.
The rack and pinion transmission of the steering mechanism is backlash-free and does not require maintenance. As part of the maintenance, it is only necessary to check the protective covers and dust caps of the tie rod ends.
The steering of the car has a hydraulic booster, which reduces the effort applied to the steering wheel. The gain increases as the speed increases. The hydraulic booster contains a hydraulic pump and a working fluid reservoir. A hydraulic pump draws fluid from a reservoir and delivers it at high pressure to a control valve in the steering box. The control valve has a mechanical connection with the steering spindle and directs the fluid, depending on the rotation of the steering wheel, into the corresponding cavity of the working cylinder in the steering gear housing. Here, the fluid acts on the piston and thus supports the control process. At the same time, the piston squeezes the liquid out of the opposite cavity of the working cylinder through the return pipeline into the liquid reservoir.
Operation of the speed-sensitive power steering (SPS)
The electronic control of the SPS solenoid valve Y10 is carried out by the control unit N47 depending on the vehicle speed.
When the steering wheel is turned, the drive gear (4b) affects the rail (4j). Rotating slider (4k) via torsion bar (4a) rotates around the control sleeve (4i) and rests on the rail (4j), which leads to a change in the relative position of the control grooves. In this case, the flow of oil under pressure is fed into the chamber of the right or left slave cylinder (I or II), causing axial displacement of the rack (4j) in the appropriate direction. The oil from the unloaded slave cylinder is also forced out through the open return grooves in the control sleeve (4i) is sent back to the steering pump reservoir.
Security measures
Welding and straightening works with steering elements are not allowed. Self-locking bolts and nuts, as well as bolts and nuts that are corroded, must be replaced with new ones.
Attention! The tightening torques of the screwed connections must be strictly adhered to.
The driver's airbag is located in the steering wheel. The airbag is a folding air bag that is filled with air in the event of a frontal collision of the vehicle and thus protects the driver's upper body and head. In the event of a head-on collision of the appropriate magnitude, the control unit sends a signal to the airbag igniter. The explosion produces a gas that inflates the pillow within a few milliseconds. This time is enough to dampen the movement of the forward moving upper body of the driver. Then, within a few seconds, the airbag folds back in as it gases exit the pillow through the existing holes.