Cooling system | |
Common parameters | |
Type of cooling system | Closed, with water pump, thermostat, radiator, fan (electric or viscous clutch) and separately installed expansion tank |
System volume | See Specifications for Chapter Ongoing care and maintenance |
Coolant Composition (the proportion of antifreeze in the coolant to ensure frost resistance) | |
up to -37°С | 50% |
up to -45°C | 55% |
System pressure | About 1.4 bar (the exact value is indicated on the cap of the expansion tank). |
Thermostat | |
Valve stroke, mm | at least 8 |
Valve activation temperature,°С | |
Start of opening | 85÷89 |
Full opening | 102 |
Cover of a path of the cooling system | |
Petrol models | On petrol models, the cooling system cover cannot be tested and must be replaced if it fails |
Diesel models (cover code 140/200) | |
Depth of underpressure operation of the vacuum valve, bar | 0.1 |
Safety valve opening pressure, bar | |
First stage (coolant temperature 130/134°С) | 1.4 |
Second stage (coolant temperature 137/143°C) | 2.0 |
Cap testing pressure, bar | 1.4 (the lid must hold this pressure for at least 2 minutes) |
Air conditioning system | |
Refrigerant type | R134a |
Refrigerant volume, g | 750 |
Type of refrigerant oil | Synthetic PAG |
Amount of compressor oil topped up at: | |
Replacing the evaporator, see3 | 40 |
Capacitor replacement, see3 | 20 |
Replacing the receiver dryer, see3 | 10 |
Suction line replacement, see3 | 20 |
Pressure line replacement, see3 | 20 |
Compressor replacement, see3 | 20 |
Leak detection, see3 | 20 |
After suddenly emptying the system, see3 | 40 |
Tightening force of threaded connections, Nm | |
Cooling system | |
M111 | |
Bolts of fastening of a casing of the thermostat | |
| 10 |
| 25 |
Union nut for ATF cooling line on radiator (models with AT) | 20 |
Hollow bolt nipple connection | 20 |
Bolt for fastening the fan impeller to the viscous coupling | 10 |
Bolt for fastening the viscous coupling to the bearing housing (tightened with a special tool) | 40 |
Bolts of fastening of the water pump to a crankcase of the engine | |
M6 | 10 |
M8 | 25 |
Bolt of fastening of a pulley of the water pump | 10 |
M112/113 | |
Bolts of fastening of a casing of the thermostat (M6) | 10 |
Union nut for ATF cooling line on radiator | 20 |
Hollow bolt union connection on the radiator (M12x1.5) | 30 |
Bolt for fastening the fan impeller to the viscous coupling | 10 |
Bolt for fastening the viscous coupling to the bearing housing (tightened with a special tool) | 40 |
Alternator fastening screws | 42 |
Bolts of fastening of a damper of a tensioner of a belt of a drive of auxiliary units | |
To tensioner | 25 |
To water pump | 35 |
Self-tapping bolts for fastening the water pump to the timing cover | |
M6 | |
| 14 |
| 10 |
M8 | |
| 35 |
| 25 |
Bolt of fastening of a pulley of the water pump | 10 |
M612 | |
Screws of fastening of the finishing panel of a cover of a head of cylinders | 10 |
Screws of fastening of the finishing panel of the air distributor | 10 |
Bolts of fastening of a casing of the thermostat (M6) | 9 |
Hollow bolt union connection on the radiator (oil leak line) | 30 |
Bolts for fastening the water pump to the timing cover | |
M6 | 14 |
M8 | 20 |
Bolt of fastening of a pulley of the water pump | 35 |
M628 | |
Bolts of fastening of a casing of the thermostat (M6) | 9 |
Union nut for ATF cooling line on oil cooler | 25 |
Hollow bolt union connection of the ATF cooling line on the oil cooler | 25 |
Hollow bolt union connection on the radiator (oil leak line) | 30 |
Bolts of fastening of the water pump to a crankcase of the engine | 10 |
Bolt of fastening of a pulley of the water pump | 25 |
Heating/Ventilation/Air Conditioning Systems | |
Nuts for fastening the instrument panel to the bulkhead of the engine compartment | 8 |
Bolts of fastening of the panel of devices to racks And | 19 |
Bolts of fastening of the panel of devices to the transmission tunnel | 30 |
Union nut for fastening the tube to the expansion valve of the A/C system | 10 |
Bolt of fastening of the refrigeration line to the receiver | 10 |
Bolt for fastening the refrigeration line to the condenser | 20 |
Bolt of fastening of the expansion valve to the evaporator heat exchanger | 10 |
Engine cooling system
All models of vehicles discussed in this manual are equipped with a positive pressure engine cooling system with thermostatically controlled circulation of the working fluid. The water pump is fixed on the engine block and provides pumping of the coolant through the cooling path of the latter. The flow of fluid washes the areas where each of the cylinders in the block is located, after which it is directed to the rear of the engine. Cast-in-the-block and cylinder-head cooling ducts provide intensive cooling for intake and exhaust ports, spark plug areas and exhaust valve guides.
From the moment the engine is started, the cooling system goes through three modes of operation: at the first stage, until the temperature of the coolant has risen above a certain value, it circulates in a small circle from the working circuit of which the radiator is excluded. As the liquid warms up further, the poppet valve of the wax-filled thermostat entering the system path opens and a radiator is connected to the circulation circuit. Further, when the temperature of the coolant reaches the next control value, a temperature-sensitive sensor-switch is activated, which activates the fan of the cooling system, which pumps additional air flow, which greatly increases the efficiency of the radiator heat exchanger.
The cooling system is hermetically sealed and tightly sealed with a radiator cap capable of withstanding a certain overpressure, which increases the boiling point of the coolant and, accordingly, the efficiency of heat removal through the radiator. When the internal pressure in the system exceeds a certain value, an excess of coolant flows through the connecting (overflow) tube into the expansion tank. As the system cools down, the fluid automatically returns from the reservoir to the radiator.
Refueling of the coolant into the system is carried out through the neck of the expansion tank (see chapter Checking the cooling system and frost resistance of the coolant, changing the fluid), which at the same time also acts as a receiver, accumulating the excess liquid displaced from the radiator.
In view of the above design features, such a cooling system is called a closed one, since it excludes any functional loss of working heat.
Heating and ventilation system
The heating system consists of fans and heat exchangers located in the blocks of the front and rear parts of the cabin. The hot coolant flows through the heat exchangers. When the heater mode control knob located on the control panel is moved, the valves open and hot air begins to flow into the vehicle interior. If you turn on the heater fan, air will be forced into the passenger compartment.
Outside air, before entering the cabin, is passed through a special filter, the main share of dust particles settles in the carburetor. The cabin air filter must be replaced on a regular basis in accordance with the Vehicle Maintenance Schedule (see chapter Schedule of ongoing maintenance). Violation of the filter patency leads to a decrease in the performance of the heating / ventilation / air conditioning systems.
The distribution of air flows of the ventilation system is carried out with the help of dampers. The possibility of switching of the modes of circulation of air is provided. The shutters are driven by servomotors.
Air conditioning system
See Section General information and security measures.